iBiology Science Stories
iBiology Science Stories
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Karolin Luger (CU Boulder, HHMI): Discovery of the Structure of the Nucleosome
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/nucleosome-structure
Dr. Karolin Luger shares her discovery of the 3D structure of the nucleosome.
The nucleosome is the central organizing structure of the eukaryotic genome. It consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. Dr. Karolin Luger shares her discovery of the three-dimensional structure of the nucleosome using X-ray crystallography, which provided a deeper understanding of chromatin organization.
Speaker Biography:
Karolin Luger earned her bachelor’s degree in microbiology and her master’s degree in biochemistry from the University of Innsbruck. She completed her PhD in biochemistry and biophysics at the University of Basel. In 1997, she published the first high-resolution 3D structure of the nucleosome, determined using X-ray crystallography. The Luger Lab uses structural biology to understand the impact of chromatin architecture on fundamental genome-related processes.
lugerlab.org
0:00 Intro
0:34 Complex organisms call for complex genomes
1:10 Large genomes pose many challenges
1:52 Early views of genome packaging: the nucleosome
2:41 X-ray crystallography: the method of choice for structure determination in the 20th century
4:17 ‘High resolution’ is needed to understand function
5:52 Resolution is determined by order
6:47 ‘Natural’ nucleosomes are heterogenous
7:49 1984: 7 Ångstrom structure of the nucleosome
8:55 The path toward higher resolution
9:55 Recombinant nucleosomes
11:28 Two steps forward, three steps back
14:03 What is going on? DNA position on the histones is not uniform
16:20 Structural biology is an endurance sport
17:22 Data collection at 3rd-generation synchrotrons
17:55 The Results
Credits:
Brittany Anderton (iBiology): Producer
Eric Kornblum (iBiology): Editor, Videographer
Переглядів: 12 504

Відео

David J. Haas, part 2: HIV and Structural Biology
Переглядів 3,5 тис.4 роки тому
www.ibiology.org/techniques/cryocrystallography Dr. David Haas shares the story behind his invention of macromolecular cryocrystallography. In his postdoctoral studies, David Haas set out to reduce radiation damage to protein crystals during X-ray crystallography. In 1970, he published a paper on his invention of macromolecular cryocrystallography - freezing crystals to extend their lifetime in...
David J. Haas, part 1: Cryo-cooling Protein Crystals: The First 52 Years
Переглядів 3,1 тис.4 роки тому
www.ibiology.org/techniques/cryocrystallography Dr. David Haas shares the story behind his invention of macromolecular cryocrystallography. In his postdoctoral studies, David Haas set out to reduce radiation damage to protein crystals during X-ray crystallography. In 1970, he published a paper on his invention of macromolecular cryocrystallography - freezing crystals to extend their lifetime in...
Matthew Meselson (Harvard): The Semi-Conservative Replication of DNA
Переглядів 30 тис.4 роки тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/semi-conservative-replication/ In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed a double-helical structure for DNA and suggested that it replicated in a semi-conservative manner. This method of replication was not universally accepted as correct, however. In this talk, Meselson recalls the events that led him to meet Frank Stahl and to plan and execute the now fa...
John Clements (UCSF): The Discovery of Lung Surfactant
Переглядів 4,9 тис.5 років тому
www.ibiology.org/biophysics/lung-surfactant John Clements details the groundbreaking discovery of lung surfactant, which has saved millions of neonatal lives. The expansion of lungs for oxygen exchange is facilitated by lung surfactant. The groundbreaking discovery of this substance was made by Dr. John Clements. In this Discovery Talk, Clements details his scientific journey, touching on his e...
Lee Hartwell (Fred Hutch): Understanding the Cell Cycle Regulators
Переглядів 7 тис.5 років тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/cell-cycle Hartwell identified many of the key regulators of the cell cycle. In this conversation, Hartwell talks to Dr. Sue Biggins about his Nobel Prize winning discoveries and the experiments that led to his seminal findings. Dr. Leland Hartwell started his scientific career studying a fundamental question in biology: how do cells know that they ...
Ruslan Medzhitov (Yale / HHMI): The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Control of Adaptive Immunity
Переглядів 26 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/immunology/toll-like-receptors/ In this discovery talk, Dr. Ruslan Medzhitov provides a historical perspective that frames his involvement in the discovery of Toll-Like Receptors. Talk Overview: When he was a graduate student, Dr. Ruslan Medzhitov read a theory written by Dr. Charles Janeway that foresaw the existence of a set of receptors that would directly detect pathogens a...
Genetics Of Aging - iBiology & Youreka Science
Переглядів 20 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/genetics-of-aging/ Why do some people age more quickly than others? This video describes pioneering research performed by the biologist Cynthia Kenyon, who hypothesized that genes could control the rate of aging. To figure out which genes regulate aging, scientists in Dr. Kenyon’s lab made mutations in the DNA of a tiny worm called C. elegans and lo...
The Key to Chromosome Immortality - iBiology & Youreka Science
Переглядів 9 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/discovery-of-telomerase/ In the 1980s, scientists knew that DNA polymerase could not copy the ends of chromosomes, yet chromosome ends were still largely maintained in an organism. Additionally, they observed that the ends of chromosomes consists of highly repetitive sequences they called telomeres. Blackburn and her colleagues hypothesized that the...
The Cell's Radar: How Cells Sense Their Environment - iBiology & Youreka Science
Переглядів 4,8 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/cell-biology/ldl-receptors/ About this talk: While postdoctoral fellows at the NIH, Joe Goldstein and Michael Brown were presented with a young patient with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a disease characterized by high LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Scientific curiosity along with a desire to help these patients led Brown and Goldstein to dedicate themselves to unde...
CRISPR: A word processor for editing the genome - iBiology & Youreka Science
Переглядів 38 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/crispr/ About this talk: Since the discovery of DNA’s fundamental role in building and sustaining life, scientists have dreamed of having the ability to easily edit DNA in very precise ways. This Youreka Science video explores how a group of scientists made a major breakthrough in understanding the bacterial immune response, called the CRISPR/Cas sy...
The Semi-Conservative Replication of DNA - iBiology & Youreka Science
Переглядів 19 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/genetics-and-gene-regulation/semi-conservative-replication-of-dna/ About this talk: In 1958, Matthew Meselson and Frank Stahl published the "most beautiful experiment", where they demonstrated that DNA undergoes semi-conservative replication. In this video, Youreka Science describes the experiments that lead to this discovery and why understanding how DNA replicates is so impor...
Ian Gibbons (UC Berkeley): The Discovery of Dynein
Переглядів 8 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/cell-biology/the-discovery-of-dynein/ Gibbons describes how he first isolated dynein and demonstrated microtubule sliding in flagella. Talk Overview: In an interview with Ron Vale, Ian Gibbons describes how his initial EM characterization of the internal structure of Tetrahymena cilia led him to seek and then identify the force-producing ATPase, which he named dynein. Gibbons a...
Michael Hall (University of Basel): The Story of TOR (Target of Rapamycin)
Переглядів 31 тис.6 років тому
www.ibiology.org/cell-biology/target-rapamycin/ Michael Hall describes the discovery of TOR (Target of Rapamycin) protein, the key controller of the size of both individual cells and entire organisms. Talk Overview: TOR, the Target of Rapamycin, is now known to be a central controller of cell, tissue and organism growth and an important molecule in many human diseases including cancer, cardiac ...
Ian Baldwin (Max Planck Institute): Making scientific writing painless
Переглядів 47 тис.7 років тому
www.ibiology.org/professional-development/making-scientific-writing-painless/ Dr. Ian Baldwin provides his perspective on the best scientific writing practices and gives some tips on how to improve one’s scientific writing skills. Talk Overview: Scientific writing is a crucial skill that scientists develop throughout their careers. In this talk, Dr. Ian Baldwin provides his perspective on the b...
Taekjip Ha (Johns Hopkins): How I became a Scientist in Korean with English slides & subtitles
Переглядів 5 тис.7 років тому
Taekjip Ha (Johns Hopkins): How I became a Scientist in Korean with English slides & subtitles
Taekjip Ha (Johns Hopkins University): How I became a Scientist in Korean
Переглядів 1,9 тис.7 років тому
Taekjip Ha (Johns Hopkins University): How I became a Scientist in Korean
Torsten Wiesel (Rockefeller University): Exploring the Visual Brain
Переглядів 26 тис.7 років тому
Torsten Wiesel (Rockefeller University): Exploring the Visual Brain
Evelyn Witkin (Rutgers): The SOS Response in Bacteria
Переглядів 6 тис.7 років тому
Evelyn Witkin (Rutgers): The SOS Response in Bacteria
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 3: Why Collaborate?
Переглядів 9697 років тому
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 3: Why Collaborate?
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 2: The Future Of Electron Microscopy
Переглядів 1,3 тис.7 років тому
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 2: The Future Of Electron Microscopy
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 1: Imaging synaptic vesicle transmission
Переглядів 3,4 тис.7 років тому
John Heuser & Tom Reese part 1: Imaging synaptic vesicle transmission
Ron Vale (UCSF and HHMI): Discovering Kinesin
Переглядів 15 тис.7 років тому
Ron Vale (UCSF and HHMI): Discovering Kinesin
Colleen Cavanaugh (Harvard): Chemosynthetic symbioses: Living together can be fun
Переглядів 9 тис.7 років тому
Colleen Cavanaugh (Harvard): Chemosynthetic symbioses: Living together can be fun
Karl Deisseroth (Stanford / HHMI): Development of Optogenetics
Переглядів 49 тис.7 років тому
Karl Deisseroth (Stanford / HHMI): Development of Optogenetics
Anthony (Tony) Hyman (MPI-CBG): Encouraging Innovation
Переглядів 1,7 тис.7 років тому
Anthony (Tony) Hyman (MPI-CBG): Encouraging Innovation
David Julius (UCSF): How peppers & peppermint identified sensory receptors for temperature and pain
Переглядів 22 тис.7 років тому
David Julius (UCSF): How peppers & peppermint identified sensory receptors for temperature and pain
Biology Behind Bars... The Prison University Project at San Quentin
Переглядів 2,8 тис.8 років тому
Biology Behind Bars... The Prison University Project at San Quentin
Steven Chu (Stanford University): Renewable Energy: Generation, Transmission and Storage
Переглядів 7 тис.8 років тому
Steven Chu (Stanford University): Renewable Energy: Generation, Transmission and Storage
Manuel Razo Mejía (Caltech): Ayudando estudiantes de ciencia en México: Clubes de Ciencia México
Переглядів 2,1 тис.8 років тому
Manuel Razo Mejía (Caltech): Ayudando estudiantes de ciencia en México: Clubes de Ciencia México

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @irishjoyc.valencia2808
    @irishjoyc.valencia2808 4 дні тому

    I LOVE THE DRAWINGS❤ (Rlly needed the explanation ty!)

  • @bhavyahshree
    @bhavyahshree 6 днів тому

    a truly brilliant scientist that wasnt given the credit that he deserves. rest in peace dr. hastings.

  • @pgrothschild
    @pgrothschild 6 днів тому

    Read his book recently, brilliant read

  • @hexo-mobius
    @hexo-mobius 10 днів тому

    This was debunked in 2010. Why are you still teaching it as science?

  • @user-cn2tr2kw1r
    @user-cn2tr2kw1r 13 днів тому

    Thoroughly debunked. Polish footprint finding showed this as the fraud it is. Yet idiots still buy this as fact thanks to CGI. Keep looking for that missing link though.

  • @susieb7799
    @susieb7799 14 днів тому

    Proud to say this is my great uncle, (my mothers uncle), brilliant man.

  • @evaterra1546
    @evaterra1546 24 дні тому

    It have been more than 20 years that Janeway and Medzhitov proposed it, and there is still biologist in universities explaining things that do not make sense... T cells would never go to anergy if the TCR + (MHC II + self-antigen) [signal 1] was the one to generate BH7 expression [signal 2]. Of course, T cells do not know if the antigen they are binding to is self or not without PRRs from APCs 🙂 Thanks Ruslan!

  • @tommy2064
    @tommy2064 Місяць тому

    These two have a nice contrast when looking into the microscope

  • @umrankoca3862
    @umrankoca3862 Місяць тому

    To this day, I am still calculating how much fat a whale burns to migrate.

  • @rockapedra1130
    @rockapedra1130 Місяць тому

    This is amazing work. Thank you for sharing!

  • @rockapedra1130
    @rockapedra1130 Місяць тому

    Excellent!

  • @rockapedra1130
    @rockapedra1130 Місяць тому

    Awesome! Thank you!

  • @rockapedra1130
    @rockapedra1130 Місяць тому

    Amazing presenter, superb content, crazy good!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @jimmygravitt1048
    @jimmygravitt1048 Місяць тому

    This discovery is undoubtedly one of the strongest verifications of the entire scientific process in history. I am glad I now know the name of one of the people who made it possible.

  • @lastchance8142
    @lastchance8142 2 місяці тому

    How cool is it to have the actual research scientist explain their journey! Just amazing and inspirational.

  • @mohenjaroaditya7745
    @mohenjaroaditya7745 2 місяці тому

    Jennifer in A.I. form...😊

  • @paulsmc7041
    @paulsmc7041 2 місяці тому

    So, for the first pulse of light, some molecules light up. Then for the next pulse others light up, and so on. Two questions: 1) Why don't they all light up for that first pulse? 2) Why do they only light up once, and why is it always a new subset which light up? thanks.

  • @chariseveryday
    @chariseveryday 2 місяці тому

    wow just wow

  • @zacharysbrennan5376
    @zacharysbrennan5376 2 місяці тому

    who else is here 5.15.24 and waiting for this technology to become mainstream. 9 years ago and the the application has barely budged...

  • @KarlaOliveira
    @KarlaOliveira 2 місяці тому

    👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

  • @undefinedfirstnameundefine7820
    @undefinedfirstnameundefine7820 2 місяці тому

    How many millions of lives have these 2 legends saved?

  • @juanmarcos3073
    @juanmarcos3073 3 місяці тому

    Excellent explanation, thank you!

  • @user-ss3qp6yk1q
    @user-ss3qp6yk1q 3 місяці тому

    The lecture is fantastic, clear, easy to follow, intriguing, vivid, and informative.

  • @ii.gondolkodo3169
    @ii.gondolkodo3169 3 місяці тому

    darhiwum.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-scientific-refutation-of-darwinian.html

  • @jonathanclaudinger
    @jonathanclaudinger 3 місяці тому

    I salute you! thank you for your service to man kind. im glad you had fun

  • @jonathanclaudinger
    @jonathanclaudinger 3 місяці тому

    i salute you. thank you sir

  • @ivaaization
    @ivaaization 4 місяці тому

    Quiero ser curado pronto del VIH no quiero tener q esperar años y años q pronto salga crisper-9 para poder curarme de esta enfermedad tan Estigmatizante 😢quiero. Crisper-9 pronto 🫂🔬🧬💉🌎🙏🏻🥂

  • @lotharmayring6063
    @lotharmayring6063 4 місяці тому

    fluorescence allways stays blurry. the limiting factor ist wavelength. no technics can make that better. This microscopes are made to make money

  • @user-jv7dm9ud1l
    @user-jv7dm9ud1l 4 місяці тому

    boa aula ;]

  • @plant_trees_kg
    @plant_trees_kg 4 місяці тому

    Hi to my biol 200 gang! You are the real ones >>

  • @sananton2821
    @sananton2821 4 місяці тому

    Who's the genius that wrote "centrography" when he said stratigraphy?

  • @mickles1975
    @mickles1975 4 місяці тому

    There's only one youtube channel linking to this video, that we know of.

  • @plant_trees_kg
    @plant_trees_kg 5 місяців тому

    Hello again my Biol 200 gang! >> (edit): Good luck on the exam!

    • @JacobRosen04
      @JacobRosen04 5 місяців тому

      You should have been sleeping at that time!

    • @plant_trees_kg
      @plant_trees_kg 5 місяців тому

      @@JacobRosen04 lol fr. I feel like the exam didn't go too bad though, how about you?

  • @jeova0sanctus0unus
    @jeova0sanctus0unus 5 місяців тому

    Good day everyone, Lindsay Nicole send me! She sais your videos are good. lets see.

  • @crimsonshadow1477
    @crimsonshadow1477 5 місяців тому

    His energy is super infectious

  • @Sharonmxg
    @Sharonmxg 5 місяців тому

    How does a video that says it premiered 2 hours ago have comments from months ago?

  • @DanielPonchioFerreira
    @DanielPonchioFerreira 5 місяців тому

    Excellent work

  • @IsabellaHale
    @IsabellaHale 6 місяців тому

    As a geneticist and I also have a b.s in molecular biology: KUDOS to you. I get why you were trying to find the key to immortality sort of and KUDOS to on your Nobel prize. I will say I worked extensively w/ RNA and DNA: but there is NO WAY which you actually elongate the Telomere by adding "DNA" building blocks; I worked w/ very famous scientists whom I won't mention at NIH now in their 80s who spent MILLIONS of dollars and worked for years before CRSPR which did give us an exponential leap into understanding DNA functionality but again it was actually never successful because as you well know IN VITRO and IN VIVO are two competely different "environments".. what works in a Cell in Vitro simply won't work in VIVO because the "animal model" is working in concert w/ all the other DNA, RNA and the entire nervous system which includes electrical impulses,, neurons and also the Hormonal system within the brain. I am a scientific creationist as well. Anyway KUDOS. I meant to come to your site when I first heard but you know how it is.. Life goes on. Good to know that people are still working on this.

  • @IsabellaHale
    @IsabellaHale 6 місяців тому

    ABSOLUTELY GROUNDBREAKING information .. and the world just keeps on .. making stuff up.. Thank you for your work.. I really do not believe there is a way of reverse aging but at least the telomere discovery at least gives us an understanding about the aging and cell death.. fascinating.

  • @miimchatv3862
    @miimchatv3862 6 місяців тому

    I wish you provided a translation to Arabic Language for this video

  • @imhypers
    @imhypers 6 місяців тому

    Wow such a great video for understanding the transition of life through the fossil record, addressing the questions I had for if we had tangible evidence of the "missing link" in our fossil records.

  • @lipan315
    @lipan315 6 місяців тому

    It's so scientific, but the last phase of Mr. Wiesel is so touching, which is the ultime beauty to be a man.

  • @MrCounsel
    @MrCounsel 6 місяців тому

    I heard cleavage and instantly agreed it was an exciting finding.

  • @AsseriHolopainen987654321
    @AsseriHolopainen987654321 6 місяців тому

    Älä ole piilossa

  • @Homo_sAPEien
    @Homo_sAPEien 7 місяців тому

    I think he means to say the link between fish and land vertebrates. There are invertebrates that live on land but they are not descended of fish like how tetrapods are.

  • @wellroundedwildones3376
    @wellroundedwildones3376 7 місяців тому

    He and Kaufman have used foreign labor to greatly oversimplify er stress. They have taken the majority of grant money in this space for 30 years or more. Promoting only those that follow their narratives. Spoiled boomers. Vast money wasted by these narcissistic villains.

  • @TrenteQuatre
    @TrenteQuatre 7 місяців тому

    First

  • @justiceseeker4961
    @justiceseeker4961 7 місяців тому

    Eritrea is losing valuable genius ppl

  • @sanghyunhwang1297
    @sanghyunhwang1297 7 місяців тому

    That heating experiment was geneius

  • @TrenteQuatre
    @TrenteQuatre 8 місяців тому

    First